Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuhilela izinkambu eziningi.

I-Caustic soda ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-flake soda, i-granular soda ne-soda eqinile ngokuvumelana nefomu layo.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya izinkambu eziningi, okulandelayo yisingeniso esinemininingwane yakho:

1. Uwoyela ocolisisiwe.

Ngemuva kokugezwa nge-sulfuric acid, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum isaqukethe izinto ezine-acidic, okufanele zigezwe ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide bese igezwa ngamanzi ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.

2.ukuphrinta nokudaya

Isetshenziswa kakhulu odayi be-indigo nodayi bequinone.Enqubweni yokudaya odayi be-vat, isisombululo se-caustic soda kanye ne-sodium hydrosulfite kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuwanciphisa ku-leuco acid, bese i-oxidized esimweni sokuqala esingancibiliki ngama-oxidants ngemva kokudaya.

Ngemuva kokuthi indwangu kakotini iphathwe ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, i-wax, i-grease, isitashi nezinye izinto ezimbozwe endwangu kakotini zingasuswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwe-mercerized kwendwangu kungandiswa ukwenza ukudaya kube okufanayo. .

3. I-textile fiber

1).Indwangu

Izindwangu zikakotini nezelineni ziphathwa nge-concentrated sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) isisombululo sokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zefiber.Imicu eyenziwe umuntu njenge-rayon, i-rayon, i-rayon, njll., ngokuvamile imicu ye-viscose.Zenziwe nge-cellulose (njenge-pulp), i-sodium hydroxide, ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokwenza uketshezi lwe-viscose, olufuthwayo, olwenziwe ngokufingqa.

2).I-Viscose fiber

Okokuqala, sebenzisa isixazululo se-caustic soda esingu-18-20% ukuze ukhulelwe i-cellulose ukuze ulenze i-alkali cellulose, bese usula futhi uchoboze i-alkali cellulose, engeza i-carbon disulfide, futhi ekugcineni uncibilikise i-sulfonate nge-lye ehlanjululwe ukuze uthole i-viscose.Ngemva kokuhlunga kanye nokuhlanza (ukukhipha amabhamuza omoya), ingasetshenziselwa ukuphotha.

4. Ukwenza amaphepha

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwenza iphepha yizitshalo zokhuni noma zotshani, eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njll.) ngaphezu kwe-cellulose.I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza, futhi kuphela lapho i-lignin ekhunini isusiwe lapho kungatholakala khona imicu.Izingxenye ezingezona i-cellulose zingancibilika futhi zihlukaniswe ngokungeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide dilute, ukuze i-pulp ene-cellulose njengengxenye eyinhloko ingatholakala.

5. Thuthukisa umhlabathi ngomcako.

Emhlabathini, isimo sezulu samaminerali singase futhi sikhiqize ama-asidi ngenxa yokwakheka kwama-asidi e-organic njengoba izinto eziphilayo zibola.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-inorganic njenge-ammonium sulfate ne-ammonium chloride nakho kuzokwenza umhlabathi ube ne-asidi.Ukusebenzisa inani elifanele lomcako kunganciphisa izinto ezine-asidi emhlabathini, kwenze inhlabathi ifanelekele ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kukhuthaze ukuzala kabusha kwezinambuzane.Ukwanda kwe-Ca2+ enhlabathini kungakhuthaza ukubumbana kwe-colloid yomhlabathi, okuvumela ukwakheka kwama-aggregate, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kungahlinzeka nge-calcium edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

6. Imboni yamakhemikhali nama-reagents amakhemikhali.

Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-caustic soda isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi ye-sodium kanye namanzi e-electrolyzing.I-Caustic soda noma i-soda ash isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni usawoti omningi we-inorganic, ikakhulukazi ekulungiseni usawoti othile we-sodium (njenge-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njll.).I-Caustic soda noma i-soda ash iphinde isetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni odayi, izidakamizwa kanye ne-organic intermediates.

7. irabha, isikhumba

1).I-silica enciphile

Okokuqala: yenza ingilazi yamanzi (Na2O.mSO2) ngokusabela i-sodium hydroxide nge-quartz ore (SiO2)

Okwesibili: phendula ingilazi yamanzi nge-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, ne-carbon dioxide ukukhiqiza isikhutha esimhlophe esimnyama (i-silicon dioxide)

I-silica okukhulunywe ngayo lapha iyi-ejenti engcono kakhulu yokuqinisa irabha yemvelo kanye nerabha yokwenziwa

2).Ukugaywa kabusha kwerabha endala

Lapho kugaywa kabusha irabha endala, impushana yerabha igaywa ngaphambili ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, bese iyacutshungulwa.

3).Isikhumba

I-Tannery: inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha uketshezi lwe-tannery imfucumfucu yomlotha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwezinyathelo ezimbili ze-sodium sulfide aqueous solution yokucwiliswa kanye nokwengeza ukwelashwa kokucwiliswa kwe-lime powder kunqubo ekhona yokwandisa, ukusetshenziswa kwesisindo se-tare kukhuphuka ngo-0.3-0.5 % Isinyathelo sokwelashwa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-30% senza ifayibha yesikhumba ikhule ngokugcwele, ihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo osuqedwe kancane.

8. i-metallurgy, i-electroplating

Embonini ye-metallurgical, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo ku-ore zibe usawoti we-sodium oncibilikayo ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungancibiliki.Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-soda ash (kubuye kube yi-flux), futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-caustic soda nayo isetshenziswa.

9.ezinye izici zendima

1).Kunemisebenzi emibili ye-ceramic caustic soda ekwenzeni izitsha zobumba.Okokuqala, i-caustic soda isetshenziswa njenge-diluent enqubweni yokudubula kwezitsha zobumba.Okwesibili, ubuso be-ceramics obushisiwe buzoklwejwa noma bube nzima kakhulu.Ihlanze ngekhambi le-caustic soda Ekugcineni, yenza indawo yobumba ibe bushelelezi.

2).Embonini yezinsimbi, isetshenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, i-decolorizer ne-deodorizer.Imboni yokunamathisela isetshenziswa njenge-starch gelatinizer kanye ne-neutralizer.Ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucwecwa, i-ejenti yokuqeda umbala kanye ne-ejenti eqeda iphunga ye-citrus, i-peach, njll.