Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuhilela imikhakha eminingi.

I-caustic soda ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-flake soda, i-granular soda kanye ne-solid soda ngokwesimo sayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuhilela imikhakha eminingi, okulandelayo yisingeniso esiningiliziwe kuwe:

1. Uphethiloli ocolisisiwe.

Ngemva kokugezwa nge-sulfuric acid, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli isaqukethe ezinye izinto ezine-asidi, okumele zigezwe ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide bese zigezwa ngamanzi ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.

2.ukuphrinta nokudaya

Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadayi e-indigo kanye namadayi e-quinone. Enqubweni yokudaya amadayi e-vat, isixazululo se-caustic soda kanye ne-sodium hydrosulfite kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kuncishiswe kube yi-leuco acid, bese kuxutshwa kube sesimweni sokuqala sokungancibiliki ngama-oxidants ngemva kokudaya.

Ngemva kokuba indwangu kakotini iphathwe ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, i-wax, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto ezimbozwe endwangu kakotini zingasuswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwendwangu okune-mercerized kungandiswa ukuze kwenziwe ukudaya kufane kakhulu.

3. I-fiber yendwangu

1). Indwangu

Izindwangu zikakotini nezelineni ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) esigxilile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zefayibha. Izindwangu ezenziwe ngabantu ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, i-rayon, njll., ikakhulukazi ziyizindwangu ze-viscose. Zenziwe nge-cellulose (njenge-pulp), i-sodium hydroxide, kanye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza uketshezi lwe-viscose, olufuthwayo, olwenziwe ngokujiya.

2). I-fibre ye-viscose

Okokuqala, sebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda esingu-18-20% ukuze ufake i-cellulose ukuze ibe yi-alkali cellulose, bese uyomisa bese uchoboza i-alkali cellulose, engeza i-carbon disulfide, bese ekugcineni uncibilikisa i-sulfonate nge-dilute lye ukuze uthole i-viscose. Ngemva kokuhlunga nokuhlanza (ukususa amabhamuza omoya), ingasetshenziswa ekuphotheni.

4. Ukwenza iphepha

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza iphepha yizitshalo zokhuni noma zotshani, eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njll.) ngaphezu kwe-cellulose. I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa, futhi kuphela lapho i-lignin esekhunini isusiwe lapho imicu ingatholakala khona. Izingxenye ezingezona i-cellulose zingancibilikiswa futhi zihlukaniswe ngokungeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esincibilikisiwe, ukuze kutholakale i-pulp ene-cellulose njengengxenye eyinhloko.

5. Thuthukisa inhlabathi ngomcako.

Enhlabathini, ukuguguleka kwamaminerali nakho kungakhiqiza ama-asidi ngenxa yokwakheka kwama-asidi e-organic njengoba izinto eziphilayo zibola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ongaphili njenge-ammonium sulfate kanye ne-ammonium chloride kuzokwenza inhlabathi ibe ne-asidi. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanele le-lime kunganciphisa izinto ezine-asidi enhlabathini, kwenze inhlabathi ifanele ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwama-microorganisms. Ukwanda kwe-Ca2+ enhlabathini kungakhuthaza ukujiya kwama-colloids enhlabathini, okusiza ekwakhekeni kwama-aggregates, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunganikeza i-calcium edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

6. Imboni yamakhemikhali kanye nama-reagent amakhemikhali.

Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-caustic soda isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-sodium metal kanye namanzi asebenzisa i-electrolyzing. I-caustic soda noma i-soda ash isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni usawoti omningi ongaphili, ikakhulukazi ekulungiseleleni usawoti othile we-sodium (njenge-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njll.). I-caustic soda noma i-soda ash nayo isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni udayi, izidakamizwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo.

7. irabha, isikhumba

1). I-silica evundile

Okokuqala: yenza ingilazi yamanzi (Na2O.mSO2) ngokuphendula i-sodium hydroxide ne-quartz ore (SiO2)

Okwesibili: ingilazi yamanzi ephendulayo ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kanye ne-carbon dioxide ukuze kukhiqizwe i-carbon black emhlophe evuvukele (i-silicon dioxide)

I-silica okukhulunywe ngayo lapha iyisithako esingcono kakhulu sokuqinisa irabha yemvelo kanye nerabha yokwenziwa

2). Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe irabha endala

Ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwerabha endala, i-rubber powder iphathwa kusengaphambili ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, bese icutshungulwa

3). Isikhumba

Ukuthamba: inqubo yokuvuselela uketshezi lomlotha we-tannery waste, ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwezinyathelo ezimbili zokwelashwa kokuminza ngesisombululo samanzi se-sodium sulfide kanye nokwengeza ukwelashwa kokuminza ngempuphu ye-lime enkambisweni yokukhulisa ekhona, ukusetshenziswa kwesisindo se-tare kukhushulwa ngo-0.3-0.5% Isinyathelo sokwelashwa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-30% senza i-fiber yesikhumba ikhule ngokugcwele, ihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo oqediwe ngokuphelele.

8. i-metallurgy, i-electroplating

Embonini yezinsimbi, kuvame ukudingeka ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo ku-ore zibe usawoti we-sodium oncibilikayo ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungancibiliki. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingeka ukufaka umlotha we-soda (futhi uyinto ephumayo), futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-caustic soda nayo iyasetshenziswa.

9. ezinye izici zendima

1). Kunemisebenzi emibili ye-ceramic caustic soda ekwakhiweni kwezinto zobumba. Okokuqala, i-caustic soda isetshenziswa njengesihlanzi enqubweni yokudubula kwezinto zobumba. Okwesibili, ubuso bezinto zobumba ezivuthayo buzoklwebheka noma bube bukhali kakhulu. Buhlanze ngesisombululo se-caustic soda Ekugcineni, yenza ubuso bezinto zobumba bube bushelelezi kakhudlwana.

2). Embonini yezinsimbi, isetshenziswa njenge-asidi neutralizer, decolorizer kanye ne-deodorizer. Imboni yokunamathela isetshenziswa njenge-starch gelatizer kanye ne-neutralizer. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhuhla, i-ejenti yokususa umbala kanye ne-ejenti yokususa iphunga le-citrus, i-peach, njll.