Izindaba Zemboni
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I-HDPE isetshenziselwa ini?
I-HDPE isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni nasekupakishweni okufana namajagi obisi, amabhodlela okugeza, amabhavu e-margarine, izitsha zikadoti kanye namapayipi amanzi. Emapayipini anobude obuhlukahlukene, i-HDPE isetshenziswa esikhundleni samapayipi e-mortar ekhadibhodi anikeziwe ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, iphephile kakhulu kunamapayipi e-cardboard anikeziwe ngoba uma igobolondo lingasebenza kahle futhi liqhume ngaphakathi kwepayipi le-HDPE, ipayipi ngeke liphuke. Isizathu sesibili ukuthi angasetshenziswa kabusha okuvumela abaklami ukuthi bakhe ama-rack amaningi e-mortar. Ochwepheshe be-pyrotechnical bayakugxeka ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-PVC kumapayipi e-mortar ngoba avame ukuphuka, athumele izingcezu zepulasitiki kubabukeli abangaba khona, futhi ngeke avele kuma-X-ray. -
Ikhadi eliluhlaza le-PLA liba yisisombululo esithandwayo esiqhubekayo embonini yezezimali.
Kudingeka ipulasitiki eningi kakhulu ukwenza amakhadi asebhange minyaka yonke, futhi njengoba izinkinga zemvelo zikhula, uThales, umholi kwezokuphepha kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, usungule ikhambi. Isibonelo, ikhadi elenziwe nge-85% polylactic acid (PLA), elitholakala kummbila; enye indlela entsha ukusebenzisa izicubu ezivela emisebenzini yokuhlanza ugu ngokubambisana neqembu lezemvelo iParley for the Oceans. Imfucuza yepulasitiki eqoqwe – “i-Ocean Plastic®” njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha zokukhiqiza amakhadi; kukhona futhi inketho yamakhadi e-PVC asetshenziswe kabusha enziwe ngokuphelele ngepulasitiki engcolile evela embonini yokupakisha nokunyathelisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki entsha. -
Ukuhlaziywa okufushane kwedatha yokungenisa nokuthumela i-resin ye-pvc ye-paste yaseShayina kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2022, izwe lami lingenise inani lamathani angu-37,600 e-paste resin, ukwehla ngo-23% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, futhi lathumela kwamanye amazwe inani lamathani angu-46,800 e-paste resin, ukwanda ngo-53.16% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi ngamanye avalwa ngenxa yokulungiswa, umthwalo wokusebenza wesitshalo se-paste resin sasekhaya wahlala ezingeni eliphezulu, ukuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla kwakwanele, futhi imakethe yaqhubeka nokwehla. Abakhiqizi bafuna ngenkuthalo ama-oda okuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukuze banciphise izingxabano zemakethe yasekhaya, futhi inani lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eliqongelelekayo landa kakhulu. -
Ungabona kanjani ukuthi ipulasitiki iyi-polypropylene?
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokwenza isivivinyo selangabi ukusika isampula epulasitikini bese uyishisa ekhabetheni lomlilo. Umbala welangabi, iphunga kanye nezici zokusha kunganikeza inkomba yohlobo lwepulasitiki: 1. I-Polyethylene (PE) - Amaconsi, inuka njenge-candlewax; 2. I-Polypropylene (PP) - Amaconsi, inuka kakhulu uwoyela wenjini ongcolile kanye ne-candlewax engaphansi; 3. I-Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, “Perspex”) - Amabhamuza, ama-crackles, iphunga elimnandi elimnandi; 4. I-Polyamide noma i-“Nylon” (PA) - Ilangabi elinomswakama, iphunga le-marigolds; 5. I-Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) - Ilangabi elingabonakali, elinomswakama, iphunga le-marigolds; 6. I-Polyethylene foam (PE) - Amaconsi, iphunga le-candlewax -
I-Mars M Beans yethula ukupakisha iphepha elihlanganisiwe le-PLA elibolayo eShayina.
Ngo-2022, iMars yethule ushokoledi wokuqala we-M&M opakishwe ephepheni elihlanganisiwe elibolayo eShayina. Wenziwe ngezinto ezibolayo njengephepha ne-PLA, okuthatha indawo yokupakisha kwepulasitiki ethambile yendabuko esikhathini esidlule. Ukupakisha sekudlule i-GB/T. Indlela yokunquma ka-19277.1 iqinisekisile ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa komquba wezimboni, kungabola ngaphezu kuka-90% ezinyangeni eziyi-6, futhi kuzoba amanzi angenabo ubuthi ngokwezinto eziphilayo, i-carbon dioxide neminye imikhiqizo ngemva kokubola. -
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-PVC eShayina kusalokhu kuphezulu engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka.
Ngokwezibalo zakamuva zentela, ngoJuni 2022, umthamo wokungenisa wempuphu emsulwa ye-PVC ezweni lami wawungamathani angu-29,900, ukwanda ngo-35.47% kusukela enyangeni edlule kanye nokwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-23.21%; ngoJuni 2022, umthamo wokuthumela impuphu emsulwa ye-PVC ezweni lami wawungamathani angu-223,500, Ukwehla kwenyanga nonyaka kwaba ngu-16%, kanti ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwaba ngu-72.50%. Umthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe waqhubeka nokugcina izinga eliphezulu, okwanciphisa ukutholakala okuningi emakethe yasekhaya ngezinga elithile. -
Kuyini i-Polypropylene (PP)?
I-Polypropylene (PP) iyi-thermoplastic eqinile, eqinile, futhi ekristalu. Yenziwe nge-propene (noma i-propylene) monomer. Le resin ye-hydrocarbon eqondile iyi-polymer elula kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke ipulasitiki zezimpahla. I-PP iza njenge-homopolymer noma njenge-copolymer futhi ingathuthukiswa kakhulu ngezithasiselo. Itholakala ekupakisheni, ezimotweni, ezimakethe zabathengi, kwezokwelapha, kumafilimu enziwe ngensimbi, njll. I-PP isibe yinto ekhethwayo, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna i-polymer enamandla aphezulu (isb., vs. Polyamide) ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela noma nje ufuna inzuzo yezindleko emabhodleleni okubumba (vs. PET). -
Kuyini i-Polyethylene (PE)?
I-Polyethylene (PE), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polythene noma i-polyethene, ingenye yamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ama-polyethylene ngokuvamile anesakhiwo esiqondile futhi aziwa ngokuthi ama-polymers engeziwe. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwala ma-polymers okwenziwa kusekupakishweni. I-Polyethelyne ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki, amabhodlela, amafilimu epulasitiki, izitsha, kanye nama-geomembrane. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 e-polyethene akhiqizwa minyaka yonke ngezinjongo zezentengiselwano nezezimboni. -
Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwemakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-PVC yezwe lami engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022.
Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, imakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-PVC yanda unyaka nonyaka. Engxenyeni yokuqala, ethintwe ukwehla komnotho womhlaba kanye nobhubhane, izinkampani eziningi zokuthumela ngaphandle zasekhaya zibonise ukuthi isidingo samadiski angaphandle sinciphile. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sobhubhane kanye nochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezethulwe uhulumeni waseShayina ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa komnotho, izinga lokusebenza kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-PVC asekhaya libe phezulu kakhulu, imakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-PVC ifudumele, futhi isidingo samadiski angaphandle sikhulile. Inani libonisa umkhuba othile wokukhula, futhi ukusebenza kwemakethe sekuthuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule. -
Isetshenziswa kuphi i-PVC?
I-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC, noma i-vinyl) engabizi futhi eguquguqukayo isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo nokwakhiwa, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinto zikagesi, izimoto kanye neminye imikhakha, emikhiqizweni esukela ekufakeni amapayipi kanye nokufaka amapayipi, izikhwama zegazi kanye namapayipi, kuya ekufakweni kwentambo kanye nekhebula, izingxenye zesistimu yefasitela lemoto nokuningi. -
Iphrojekthi yokwandisa i-ethylene kanye nokucwenga yeHainan Refinery engamathani ayizigidi isizodluliselwa.
Iphrojekthi Yokuhlanza Nokuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali iHainan kanye neProjekthi Yokuvuselela Nokukhulisa Ingcebo Zitholakala eYangpu Economic Development Zone, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele okungaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-28. Kuze kube manje, inqubekela phambili yokwakha iyonke ifinyelele ku-98%. Ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi isiqediwe futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizweni, kulindeleke ukuthi iqhube ama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ezimbonini ezingezansi. I-Olefin Feedstock Diversification kanye ne-High-end Downstream Forum izobanjelwa eSanya ngoJulayi 27-28. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo esisha, kuzoxoxwa ngentuthuko yamaphrojekthi amakhulu njenge-PDH, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-ethane, umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo wobuchwepheshe obusha njengowoyela ongahluziwe oqondile kuma-olefin, kanye nokukhiqizwa okusha kwamalahle/i-methanol kuma-olefin. -
I-MIT: Ama-microparticles e-polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer enza umuthi wokugomela “ozithuthukisayo”.
Ososayensi eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) babika ephephabhukwini lakamuva i-Science Advances ukuthi bakha umuthi wokugomela ozikhulisayo womthamo owodwa. Ngemva kokuba umuthi wokugomela ufakwe emzimbeni womuntu, ungakhishwa izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwesidingo somjovo wokuqinisa. Umuthi wokugomela omusha kulindeleke ukuthi usetshenziswe ezifweni ezisukela ku-masculine kuya ku-Covid-19. Kubikwa ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela omusha wenziwe ngezinhlayiya ze-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). I-PLGA iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer esebenzayo ebolayo, engenabo ubuthi futhi enokuvumelana okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuma-Implants, ama-sutures, izinto zokulungisa, njll.