Ipulasitiki ibhekisela ku-resin yokwenziwa enesisindo esikhulu sama-molecule njengengxenye eyinhloko, enezela izithasiselo ezifanele, izinto zepulasitiki ezicutshunguliwe. Empilweni yansuku zonke, isithunzi sepulasitiki singabonakala yonke indawo, sincane njengezinkomishi zepulasitiki, amabhokisi epulasitiki acwebezelayo, izitsha zokugezela zepulasitiki, izihlalo zepulasitiki nezihlalo, futhi sikhulu njengezimoto, amathelevishini, iziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha ngisho nezindiza nemikhumbi-mkhathi, ipulasitiki ayinakuhlukaniswa.
Ngokusho kwe-European Plastics Production Association, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020, 2021 nango-2022 kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-367, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-391 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-400, ngokulandelana. Izinga lokukhula okuhlanganisiwe kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2022 lingu-4.01%, kanti umkhuba wokukhula ulinganiselwe.
Imboni yepulasitiki yaseShayina yaqala sekwephuzile, ngemuva kokusungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina yaqala ukuthuthuka, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yokucubungula ipulasitiki yayilinganiselwe, indawo yefektri yayihlanganisiwe futhi isikali sasincane. Kusukela ngo-2011, umnotho waseShayina uye washintsha kancane kancane kusukela esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kuya esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi imboni yepulasitiki nayo isiqalile ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sayo sezimboni futhi kancane kancane yashintsha yaba sezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo-2015, umkhiqizo ophelele wemboni yokucubungula ipulasitiki yaseShayina wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-75.61. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki yaseShayina kwehlile, kodwa inzuzo iyonke kanye nokuhweba okwengeziwe kwemboni kusabonisa ukukhula okuhle.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-European Plastics Production Association, ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki eShayina kwakucishe kube ngu-32% wokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni, futhi sekukhule kwaba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala wepulasitiki emhlabeni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yepulasitiki yomhlaba wonke ithuthuke kancane kancane. Nakuba ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nemithethonqubo evimbelayo ekhishwe yiminyango eyahlukene kahulumeni kube nomthelela othile embonini yepulasitiki yendabuko ngezinga elithile, kuphoqe namabhizinisi embonini ukuthi asheshise ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nenqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwepulasitiki enobungani nemvelo, okusiza ekwenzeni ngcono isakhiwo sezimboni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Esikhathini esizayo, ubungani bemvelo bezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezicelo zomkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi kube yindlela ejwayelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yepulasitiki yomhlaba wonke ithuthuke kancane kancane. Nakuba ukuqwashisa kwabantu okwandayo ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nemithethonqubo evimbelayo ekhishwe yiminyango eyahlukene kahulumeni kube nomthelela othile embonini yepulasitiki yendabuko ngezinga elithile, kuphoqe namabhizinisi embonini ukuthi asheshise ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nenqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwepulasitiki enobungani nemvelo, okusiza ekwenzeni ngcono isakhiwo sezimboni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Esikhathini esizayo, ubungane bemvelo bezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokwehlukahluka kwezicelo zomkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi kube yindlela evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki.
Imboni yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke iyigatsha elibalulekile lemboni yepulasitiki, elihlobene kakhulu nokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke futhi liyimboni yokukhiqiza izidingo zansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kuhlobene nentuthuko yezomnotho yesifunda, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamazwe athuthukile njenge-United States ne-Europe kuphakeme. Ngenxa yethonya lemikhuba yokuphila kanye nemibono yokusebenzisa, ukudla neziphuzo e-United States ikakhulukazi ukudla okusheshayo, futhi izitsha zokudla nazo zilahlwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke kwaminyaka yonke kukhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokukhula komnotho okusheshayo kwamazwe asafufusa njenge-China ne-Southeast Asia, ijubane lempilo yabantu liye lashesha, kanye noshintsho lokuqwashisa ngokusetshenziswa, isikhala sokukhula kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke sizokwandiswa kakhulu.
Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2022, umkhiqizo wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke eShayina wahlala uzinzile, ngomkhiqizo ophezulu ngo-2010 nango-2022, kanye nomkhiqizo ophansi ngo-2023. Ukwethulwa kwemikhawulo yepulasitiki ezweni lonke kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke ngezinga elithile, okwenza abakhiqizi baphendukele emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki ebolayo. Inqubomgomo yomkhawulo wepulasitiki ithuthukise isakhiwo sangaphakathi semboni, yaqeda amandla okukhiqiza abuyela emuva, futhi yathuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlushwa kwemboni, okuhambisana nocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ebolayo ngabakhiqizi abakhulu, futhi futhi kulula ukuqondiswa okuhlangene kuzwelonke.
Ngokuthuthuka okuvamile kwezindinganiso zokuphila zabantu, kuzobekwa phambili izidingo eziphakeme zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ijubane lokuphila kwezakhamuzi zaseShayina liye lashesha futhi izinga lokuthuthuka, ukudla okusheshayo, itiye kanye neminye imboni liye landa ngokushesha, futhi isidingo sezinto zokudla zepulasitiki kanye neminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke siyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokudlela ezinkulu, izitolo zetiye, njll. zinezidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokudla zetafula, futhi abakhiqizi abakhulu kuphela abangahlangabezana nezidingo zabo zekhwalithi. Esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, izinsiza embonini zizohlanganiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukuhlushwa kwemboni kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenqubomgomo kazwelonke ethi "One Belt, One Road" yokuvula izimakethe ezisafufusa njengeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke yaseShayina kuzoletha iphuzu elisha lokukhula, futhi izinga lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nalo lizokhula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-06-2024