E-Afrika, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ifinyelele kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwabantu. Izitsha zokudla zepulasitiki, njengezitsha, amapuleti, izinkomishi, izipuni namafoloko, zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokudlela zase-Afrika nasemakhaya ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezishibhile, ezilula futhi ezingaphuki.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusedolobheni noma emaphandleni, izitsha zepulasitiki zidlala indima ebalulekile. Edolobheni, izitsha zepulasitiki zinikeza lula impilo esheshayo; Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinzuzo zazo zokuba nzima ukuziphula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zivelele kakhulu, futhi sezibe ukukhetha kokuqala kwemindeni eminingi.Ngaphezu kwezitsha zokudlala etafuleni, izihlalo zepulasitiki, amabhakede epulasitiki, amabhodwe epulasitiki nokunye kungabonakala yonke indawo. Le mikhiqizo yepulasitiki ilethe ukulula okukhulu empilweni yansuku zonke yabantu base-Afrika, kusukela ekugcinweni kwezindlu kuya emsebenzini wansuku zonke, ukusebenza kwayo kubonakale ngokugcwele.
INigeria ingenye yezimakethe ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yaseShayina. Ngo-2022, iShayina yathumela izimpahla ezingama-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-148.51 eNigeria, lapho imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yayiyingxenye enkulu khona.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni waseNigeria unyuse intela yokungenisa imikhiqizo eminingana ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zasendaweni, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Lokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo ngokungangabazeki kulethe izinselelo ezintsha kubathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina, kwandise izindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe futhi kwenza ukuncintisana emakethe yaseNigeria kube kukhulu.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisekelo esikhulu sabantu baseNigeria kanye nomnotho okhulayo nakho kusho amandla amakhulu emakethe, uma nje abathumeli bempahla bengasabela ngokufanele ezinguqukweni zentela, benze ngcono isakhiwo somkhiqizo kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko, kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ukusebenza okuhle emakethe yezwe.
Ngo-2018, i-Algeria yangenisa izimpahla ezingama-$47.3 billion ezivela emhlabeni wonke, okwathi ama-$2 billion kuzo kwakuyipulasitiki, okwenza u-4.4% wempahla engenisiwe iyonke, kanti iChina ingenye yabahlinzeki bayo abaphambili.
Nakuba intela yokungenisa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki e-Algeria iphezulu kakhulu, isidingo semakethe esizinzile sisakhanga amabhizinisi angaphandle aseShayina. Lokhu kudinga izinkampani ukuthi zisebenze kanzima ekulawuleni izindleko kanye nokwehlukanisa imikhiqizo, ngokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki enezici nemiklamo ehlukile ukuze ibhekane nengcindezi yentela ephezulu futhi igcine isabelo sayo semakethe yase-Algeria.
Incwadi ethi "Macro Plastic Pollution Emission Inventory from Local to Global" eyanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini eligunyaziwe i-Nature iveza iqiniso elicacile: Amazwe ase-Afrika abhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ekungcolisweni kwepulasitiki. Nakuba i-Afrika ikhiqiza u-7% kuphela womkhiqizo wepulasitiki womhlaba wonke, ivelele ngokwezinga lokukhishwa kwepulasitiki ngomuntu ngamunye. Njengoba inani labantu likhula ngokushesha esifundeni, ukukhishwa kwepulasitiki ngomuntu ngamunye kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-12.01 kg ngonyaka, futhi i-Afrika kungenzeka ibe ngenye yezindawo ezingcolisa kakhulu ipulasitiki emhlabeni emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ebhekene nale nkinga, amazwe ase-Afrika aphendule esicelweni somhlaba wonke sokuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi akhipha umthetho wokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki.
Kusukela ngo-2004, izwe elincane lase-Afrika Ephakathi iRwanda lahola, laba yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuvimbela ngokuphelele imikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, futhi landisa nezijeziso ngo-2008, libeka ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kuzobhekana nokuboshwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, leli gagasi lokuvikelwa kwemvelo lisakazeke ngokushesha kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, kanti i-Eritrea, iSenegal, iKenya, iTanzania namanye amazwe alandele lokho futhi ajoyina izinhlu zokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki. Ngokusho kwezibalo zeGreenpeace eminyakeni emibili edlule, emazweni angaphezu kwama-50 e-Afrika, amazwe angaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu nezifunda aqalise ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye. Izitsha zepulasitiki zendabuko zibangele umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezinzima ukuzonakalisa, ngakho-ke sezibe yindawo egxile kuyo isenzo sokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki. Kulesi simo, izitsha zepulasitiki ezibolayo zavela futhi seziyindlela engenakugwenywa yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Amapulasitiki abolayo angahlukaniswa abe izinto ezingenabungozi ngokusebenzisa isenzo sezinto ezincane endaweni yemvelo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola kwezinto zemvelo ezifana nomhlabathi namanzi. Kumabhizinisi athumela kwamanye amazwe aseShayina, lokhu kuyinselele futhi kuyithuba elingavamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhizinisi adinga ukutshala imali eningi namandla obuchwepheshe, ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyonakalayo, okungangabazeki ukuthi kwandisa izindleko kanye nomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe wemikhiqizo; Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumabhizinisi okuqala ukuba yingcweti kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amapulasitiki abolayo futhi anemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, lokhu kuzoba yithuba elibalulekile kuwo lokuthola inzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana emakethe yase-Afrika nokuvula indawo entsha yemakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Afrika ikhombisa nezinzuzo ezinkulu zangaphakathi emkhakheni wokuvuselela ipulasitiki. Kwakukhona intsha yaseShayina nabangane ndawonye ukuze kuqoqwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-yuan emali yokuqala, baya e-Afrika ukuyosungula isitshalo sokucubungula ipulasitiki, inani lomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke lebhizinisi lifinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-30, laba yibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke embonini efanayo e-Afrika. Kungabonakala ukuthi imakethe yepulasitiki e-Afrika isesesikhathini esizayo!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-29-2024