Njengamanje, umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwe-polyethylene ezweni lakithi mkhulu, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezingezansi komfula kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthengiswa ngqo kubakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ingowomkhiqizo wokugcina ongaphelele ochungechungeni lwemboni olungezansi lwe-ethylene. Uma kuhambisana nomthelela wokuhlushwa kwesifunda kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, igebe lokuhlinzekwa kwesifunda kanye nesidingo alilinganisiwe.
Njengoba ukwanda okugxilile kwamandla okukhiqiza kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza e-polyethylene ezweni lami eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka lukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokukhiqiza kwezakhamuzi kanye nezindinganiso zokuphila, isidingo sazo sikhule kancane kancane eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kodwa-ke, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2021, isimo samazwe ngamazwe siye saba yingozi futhi siyashintsha. Ukusabalala kobhubhane kanye nezimpi zasendaweni kuholele ekuweni kokungalingani kokuhleleka kwamandla nezezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ukungaqiniseki okwandayo emnothweni omkhulu kuholele imizwa yokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi esigabeni sokuqapha. Ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, izingozi nezinselele ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyethylene nazo zinzima kakhulu.
Intuthuko yabantu kanye nomnotho kunquma ukusatshalaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-PE. Ngokombono wezifunda ezisetshenziswayo ezansi, i-East China, i-South China, kanye ne-North China yizindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-polyethylene ezansi ezweni lami, futhi zizohlala ziyizindawo ezintathu eziphezulu maqondana nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside esizayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwemishini emisha yokukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi igebe lokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezintathu ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa lizoncishiswa ngezinga elithile. Kulindeleke ukuthi lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu iphethini yokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sesikhathi esizayo kanye nokugeleza komkhiqizo ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi nakuba isilinganiso sesidingo sangaphansi esifundeni esentshonalanga sincane kunesase-East China, i-South China, kanye ne-North China, esiqhutshwa yizinqubomgomo zasekhaya ezifana ne-"One Belt, One Road" kanye ne-"Western Development", ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyethylene ezansi esifundeni esentshonalanga kuzokhula esikhathini esizayo. Kukhona ukulindela okwandayo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yesidingo sengqalasizinda eholwa ngamapayipi, futhi isidingo sokubumba nge-injection kanye nemikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo ebangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yokuphila sisobala kakhulu.
Bese-ke, maqondana nezinhlobo zokusetshenziswa ezingezansi esikhathini esizayo, hlobo luni lokulindela kwentuthuko oluzoba nalo izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-polyethylene ezifunwa kakhulu ezingezansi?
Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-polyethylene ezweni lakithi kufaka phakathi ifilimu, ukubumba ngomjovo, ipayipi, imbobo, ukudweba ngocingo, ikhebula, i-metallocene, ukugqoka kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
Okokuqala ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu, ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa okuphansi yifilimu. Embonini yemikhiqizo yamafilimu, okuyinhloko yifilimu yezolimo, ifilimu yezimboni kanye nefilimu yokupakisha imikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izici ezifana nemikhawulo yezikhwama zepulasitiki kanye nokuncipha okuphindaphindiwe kwesidingo ngenxa yobhubhane ziye zabakhathaza ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi babhekene nesimo esihlazisayo. Isidingo semikhiqizo yamafilimu epulasitiki yendabuko elahlwayo sizothathelwa indawo kancane kancane ngokuthandwa kwamapulasitiki abolayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamafilimu nabo babhekene nokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, futhi kancane kancane bathuthukela kumafilimu ezimboni aphinde asetshenziswe anekhwalithi nokusebenza okuqinile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokonakala kwamafilimu epulasitiki abolayo, kunezidingo eziqinile zokupakisha kwangaphandle, noma isidingo samafilimu okupakisha angaphandle okudingeka agcinwe isikhathi eside ngale kwesikhathi sokonakala, futhi amafilimu ezimboni kanye neminye imikhakha asakwazi ukushintshwa, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo yamafilimu isazosetshenziswa. Ibilokhu ikhona njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko ophansi kwe-polyethylene isikhathi eside, kodwa kungase kube nokwehla kokukhula kokusetshenziswa kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezifana nokubumba ngemijovo, amapayipi, kanye nemigodi ehlobene kakhulu nokukhiqiza nokuphila kuzoba yimikhiqizo eyinhloko yabathengi ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, futhi kuzoqhubeka nokubuswa yingqalasizinda, izidingo zansuku zonke, kanye namathuluzi nemishini yomphakathi. Indlela yokuphila yabantu ihlotshaniswa nezimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside, futhi isidingo sokubola komkhiqizo sinciphile. Njengamanje, inkinga enkulu ebhekene nezimboni ezingenhla ukuthi izinga lokukhula komkhakha wezindlu liye lama eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenxa yezici ezifana nempendulo engemihle ngombono wokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi obangelwa ubhubhane oluphindaphindwayo, intuthuko yomkhakha womkhiqizo ibhekene nokumelana nokukhula okuthile. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho esilinganisweni sesikhathi esifushane lulinganiselwe, futhi aluthinteki kakhulu ngemikhiqizo yokubola. Imboni yamapayipi inamathuba amaningi okuthintwa yizinqubomgomo, kuyilapho ukubumba ngemijovo kanye nemikhiqizo engenalutho kuthinteka kakhulu ngombono wokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi, futhi izinga lokukhula lizoncipha esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusungulwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngokwezifiso kanye nobuntu, kanye nokusungulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nakho kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, imboni yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki izokwandisa isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithile ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, njenge-metallocenes, ipulasitiki egoqayo, izinto zokumboza kanye neminye imikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme noma imikhiqizo enezidingo ezihlukile emikhakheni ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okugxilile kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-polyethylene ephezulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuholele ekuguqukeni okukhulu komkhiqizo, kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine phakathi nonyaka kubangele amanani aphezulu kawoyela ukuthi anyuse inzuzo ye-ethylene engezansi, kanye nokwanda kwezindleko kanye nokuhlinzekwa kuholele ekufana okukhulu komkhiqizo. Ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, abakhiqizi be-polyethylene baqala ukusebenza kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme njenge-metallocenes, ukubumba okujikelezayo, kanye nokumboza, ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezingezansi. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokukhula kwemikhiqizo lingakhuphuka ngezinga elithile esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubhubhane luqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiwe, kanye nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha ngabakhiqizi, imicu ye-polyethylene, izinto ezikhethekile zomkhiqizo wezokwelapha nowokuvikela nazo ziyalandelwa futhi zithuthukiswe kancane kancane, futhi isidingo sesikhathi esizayo naso sizokhula kancane kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-06-2022